{"id":2734,"date":"2025-10-22T21:33:20","date_gmt":"2025-10-22T13:33:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nobelstars.cn\/?p=2734"},"modified":"2025-10-22T21:33:20","modified_gmt":"2025-10-22T13:33:20","slug":"2025%e5%b9%b4%e8%af%ba%e8%b4%9d%e5%b0%94%e7%89%a9%e7%90%86%e5%ad%a6%e5%a5%96%e6%8f%ad%e6%99%93%ef%bc%8c%e9%87%8f%e5%ad%90%e5%8a%9b%e5%ad%a6%e5%86%8d%e4%b8%8b%e4%b8%80%e5%9f%8e%ef%bc%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nobelstars.cn\/?p=2734","title":{"rendered":"2025\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u63ed\u6653\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u518d\u4e0b\u4e00\u57ce\uff01"},"content":{"rendered":"
\u5317\u4eac\u65f6\u95f410\u67087\u65e5\u4e0b\u53485\u65f645\u5206\u8bb8\uff0c2025\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u63ed\u6653\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6John clarke\u3001Michel H. Devoret\u548cJohn M. Martinis\u83b7\u5956\uff0c\u4ee5\u8868\u5f70\u4ed6\u4eec\u201c\u53d1\u73b0\u5b8f\u89c2\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u96a7\u7a7f\u548c\u7535\u8def\u4e2d\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u91cf\u5b50\u5316\u201d\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cJohn Martinis\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u8c37\u6b4c\u56e2\u961f\u57282019\u5e74\u5ba3\u5e03\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u91cf\u5b50\u9738\u6743<\/span>\u201d\uff0c\u7814\u5236\u4e86\u201c\u60ac\u94c3\u6728\u201d\uff08Sycamore\uff09\u91cf\u5b50\u5904\u7406\u5668\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c2024\u5e74\u8c37\u6b4cDeepMind<\/span>\u56e2\u961f\u6210\u5458\u5df2\u7ecf\u83b7\u5f97\u8bfa\u5956\u3002\u800cJohn Martinis\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u5728\u8c37\u6b4c\u4efb\u804c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n
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1\u3001<\/strong>\u83b7<\/strong>\u5956\u6210\u679c\u89e3\u8bfb<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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1984\u5e74\u81f31985\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u514b\u62c9\u514b\u3001\u7c73\u6b47\u5c14\u00b7H\u00b7\u5fb7\u6c83\u96f7\u4e0e\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7M\u00b7\u9a6c\u4e01\u5c3c\u65af\u5f00\u5c55\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u642d\u5efa\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u7535\u8def\u4ee5\u8d85\u5bfc\u4f53\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff08\u8d85\u5bfc\u4f53\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u65e0\u7535\u963b\u5bfc\u7535\uff09\uff0c\u7535\u8def\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d85\u5bfc\u4f53\u7ec4\u4ef6\u88ab\u4e00\u5c42\u8584\u8584\u7684\u975e\u5bfc\u7535\u6750\u6599\u5206\u9694\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u68ee\u7ed3\u201d\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7cbe\u786e\u4f18\u5316\u5e76\u6d4b\u91cf\u7535\u8def\u7684\u5404\u9879\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6210\u529f\u63a7\u5236\u5e76\u89c2\u6d4b\u4e86\u901a\u7535\u65f6\u7535\u8def\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u2014\u2014\u8d85\u5bfc\u4f53\u4e2d\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5e26\u7535\u7c92\u5b50\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u5b9b\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u586b\u6ee1\u6574\u4e2a\u7535\u8def\u7684\u201c\u5355\u7c92\u5b50\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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2\u3001<\/strong>\u83b7<\/strong>\u5956\u7406\u7531<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

Their experiments on a chip revealed quantum physics in action<\/strong><\/p>\n

A major question in physics is the maximum size of a system that can demonstrate quantum mechanical effects. This year\u2019s Nobel Prize laureates conducted experiments with an electrical circuit in which they demonstrated both quantum mechanical tunnelling and quantised energy levels in a system big enough to be held in the hand.<\/p>\n

Quantum mechanics allows a particle to move straight through a barrier, using a process called tunnelling. As soon as large numbers of particles are involved, quantum mechanical effects usually become insignificant. The laureates\u2019 experiments demonstrated that quantum mechanical properties can be made concrete on a macroscopic scale.<\/p>\n

In 1984 and 1985, John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret and John M. Martinis conducted a series of experiments with an electronic circuit built of superconductors, components that can conduct a current with no electrical resistance. In the circuit, the superconducting components were separated by a thin layer of non-conductive material, a setup known as a Josephson junction. By refining and measuring all the various properties of their circuit, they were able to control and explore the phenomena that arose when they passed a current through it. Together, the charged particles moving through the superconductor comprised a system that behaved as if they were a single particle that filled the entire circuit.<\/p>\n

This macroscopic particle-like system is initially in a state in which current flows without any voltage. The system is trapped in this state, as if behind a barrier that it cannot cross. In the experiment the system shows its quantum character by managing to escape the zero-voltage state through tunnelling. The system\u2019s changed state is detected through the appearance of a voltage.<\/p>\n

The laureates could also demonstrate that the system behaves in the manner predicted by quantum mechanics \u2013 it is quantised, meaning that it only absorbs or emits specific amounts of energy.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt is wonderful to be able to celebrate the way that century-old quantum mechanics continually offers new surprises. It is also enormously useful, as quantum mechanics is the foundation of all digital technology,\u201d says Olle Eriksson, Chair of the Nobel Committee for Physics.<\/p>\n

The transistors in computer microchips are one example of the established quantum technology that surrounds us. This year\u2019s Nobel Prize in Physics has provided opportunities for developing the next generation of quantum technology, including quantum cryptography, quantum computers, and quantum sensors.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a\u80fd\u591f\u5c55\u73b0\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5176\u6700\u5927\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7a76\u7adf\u53ef\u8fbe\u591a\u5c11\uff1f\u4eca\u5e74\u7684\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u8def\u5f00\u5c55\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5bf8\u5927\u5230\u8db3\u4ee5\u7528\u624b\u63e1\u4f4f\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u96a7\u7a7f\u6548\u5e94\u4e0e\u91cf\u5b50\u5316\u80fd\u7ea7\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n

\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7c92\u5b50\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u79cd\u540d\u4e3a \u201c\u96a7\u7a7f\u201d \u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u76f4\u63a5\u7a7f\u8fc7\u5c4f\u969c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u6d89\u53ca\u5927\u91cf\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u6548\u5e94\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u5fae\u4e4e\u5176\u5fae\u3002\u800c\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5219\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0b\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u7279\u6027\u4f9d\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6e05\u6670\u89c2\u6d4b\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n

1984 \u5e74\u81f3 1985 \u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u30fb\u514b\u62c9\u514b\uff08John Clarke\uff09\u3001\u7c73\u6b47\u5c14\u30fbH\u30fb\u5fb7\u6c83\u96f7\uff08Michel H. Devoret\uff09\u4e0e\u7ea6\u7ff0\u30fbM\u30fb\u9a6c\u4e01\u5c3c\u65af\uff08John M. Martinis\uff09\u56e2\u961f\u5229\u7528\u8d85\u5bfc\u6750\u6599\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u7535\u8def\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u8d85\u5bfc\u6750\u6599\u662f\u4e00\u7c7b\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u5b9e\u73b0\u65e0\u7535\u963b\u5bfc\u7535\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u7535\u8def\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d85\u5bfc\u7ec4\u4ef6\u88ab\u4e00\u5c42\u8584\u8584\u7684\u975e\u5bfc\u7535\u6750\u6599\u5206\u9694\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a \u201c\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u68ee\u7ed3\u201d\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f18\u5316\u7535\u8def\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e76\u7cbe\u786e\u6d4b\u91cf\u5176\u5404\u9879\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u56e2\u961f\u5f97\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u5e76\u89c2\u6d4b\u7535\u6d41\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u8def\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u7269\u7406\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d85\u5bfc\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5e26\u7535\u7c92\u5b50\u7fa4\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7cfb\u7edf \u2014\u2014 \u5176\u6574\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u4eff\u4f5b\u4e00\u4e2a\u586b\u6ee1\u6574\u4e2a\u7535\u8def\u7684 \u201c\u5355\u7c92\u5b50\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u5b8f\u89c2\u7c92\u5b50\u7279\u6027\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u4e3a \u201c\u96f6\u7535\u538b\u7535\u6d41\u6d41\u52a8\u201d\uff08\u5373\u7535\u6d41\u901a\u8fc7\u65f6\u7535\u8def\u4e24\u7aef\u65e0\u7535\u538b\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4eff\u4f5b\u88ab \u201c\u56f0\u201d \u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u88ab\u4e00\u9053\u65e0\u6cd5\u903e\u8d8a\u7684\u5c4f\u969c\u963b\u6321\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u91cf\u5b50\u7279\u6027\uff1a\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u96a7\u7a7f\u6548\u5e94\u7a81\u7834\u5c4f\u969c\uff0c\u8131\u79bb\u96f6\u7535\u538b\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u800c\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u538b\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u88ab\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u4eec\u8fd8\u8bc1\u5b9e\uff0c\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5b8c\u5168\u7b26\u5408\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u9884\u6d4b \u2014\u2014 \u5373\u5448\u73b0 \u201c\u91cf\u5b50\u5316\u201d \u7279\u5f81\uff1a\u5b83\u53ea\u80fd\u5438\u6536\u6216\u91ca\u653e\u7279\u5b9a\u6570\u503c\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4efb\u610f\u80fd\u91cf\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u767e\u5e74\u524d\u8bde\u751f\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u4ecd\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u5e26\u6765\u65b0\u60ca\u559c\uff0c\u80fd\u89c1\u8bc1\u5e76\u81f4\u656c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u500d\u611f\u632f\u594b\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4e5f\u6781\u4e3a\u91cd\u5927\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6240\u6709\u6570\u5b57\u6280\u672f\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u201d \u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u5965\u52d2\u30fb\u57c3\u91cc\u514b\u677e\uff08Olle Eriksson\uff09\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u8eab\u8fb9\u65e9\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u6210\u719f\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5fae\u82af\u7247\u4e2d\u7684\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u4fbf\u662f\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u800c\u4eca\u5e74\u7684\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\uff0c\u5219\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u91cf\u5b50\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u65b0\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u91cf\u5b50\u52a0\u5bc6\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0e\u91cf\u5b50\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\"\"<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
3\u3001<\/strong>\u4e09\u9879\u6539\u53d8\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u6210\u5c31<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u5b98\u7f51\u5217\u4e3e\u4e86\u4e09\u9879\u6539\u53d8\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u6210\u5c31\u2014\u2014X \u5c04\u7ebf\u3001\u7167\u76f8\u6280\u672f\u3001\u8282\u80fd\u706f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n
\n
    \n
  • X \u5c04\u7ebf\uff1a<\/strong>1901 \u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u9996\u6b21\u9881\u53d1\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u6388\u4e88\u4e86\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u4f26\u7434\uff08Wilhelm R\u00f6ntgen\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u8868\u5f70\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86 X \u5c04\u7ebf\uff0cX \u5c04\u7ebf\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u8bca\u65ad\u9aa8\u6298\u3001\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5d4c\u5165\u4f53\u5185\u7684\u5b50\u5f39\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      \n
    • \u7167\u76f8\u6280\u672f\uff1a<\/strong>Willard Boyle \u548c George Smith \u53d1\u660e\u7684\u7535\u8377\u8026\u5408\u5668\u4ef6\u662f\u6570\u7801\u76f8\u673a\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u91cd\u5927\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u6210\u50cf\u9886\u57df\u4ecd\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e8e 2009 \u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
        \n
      • \u8282\u80fd\u706f\uff1a<\/strong>\u8d64\u5d0e\u52c7\u3001\u5929\u91ce\u6d69\u548c\u4e2d\u6751\u4fee\u4e8c\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u9ad8\u4eae\u5ea6\u84dd\u8272\u53d1\u5149\u4e8c\u6781\u7ba1\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u7167\u660e\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6839\u672c\u6027\u53d8\u9769\uff0c\u4e8e 2014 \u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n
        \n
        \"\"<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
        \n
        \n
        \n
         <\/p>\n

        4\u3001<\/strong>\u8fc7\u53bb10\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u540d\u5355<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

        2024\u5e74<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u7f8e\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6John J. Hopfield\u548c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6Geoffrey E. Hinton\u83b7\u5956\uff0c\u83b7\u5956\u7406\u7531\u662f\u201c\u57fa\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u5b9e\u73b0\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6027\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u53d1\u660e\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

        2023\u5e74<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u7f8e\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6Pierre Agostini\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6Ferenc Krausz\u548c\u6cd5\u56fd\/\u745e\u5178\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6Anne L\u2019Huillier\u83b7\u5956\uff0c\u83b7\u5956\u7406\u7531\u662f\u201c\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u4ea7\u751f\u963f\u79d2\u5149\u8109\u51b2\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u7269\u8d28\u4e2d\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

        2022\u5e74<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u6cd5\u7f8e\u5965\u4e09\u4f4d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6Alain Aspect\u3001John F. Clauser\u548cAnton Zeilinger\u83b7\u5956\uff0c\u83b7\u5956\u7406\u7531\u662f\u201c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7ea0\u7f20\u5149\u5b50\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u8d1d\u5c14\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f0f\u7684\u8fdd\u53cd\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u91cf\u5b50\u4fe1\u606f\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

        2021\u5e74<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u7f8e\u5fb7\u610f\u4e09\u4f4d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u56e0\u201c\u5bf9\u4eba\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u590d\u6742\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u8d21\u732e\u201d\u800c\u83b7\u5956\u3002\u7f8e\u7c4d\u65e5\u88d4\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6Syukuro Manabe\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6Klaus Hasselmann\u7684\u83b7\u5956\u7406\u7531\u662f\u201c\u7269\u7406\u6a21\u62df\u5730\u7403\u6c14\u5019\uff0c\u91cf\u5316\u53d8\u5316\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u9884\u6d4b\u5168\u7403\u53d8\u6696\u201d\uff1b\u610f\u5927\u5229\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6Giorgio Parisi\u7684\u83b7\u5956\u7406\u7531\u662f\u201c\u53d1\u73b0\u4ece\u539f\u5b50\u5230\u884c\u661f\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u65e0\u5e8f\u548c\u6ce2\u52a8\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

        2020\u5e74<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u82f1\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6Roger Penrose\u83b7\u5956\uff0c\u83b7\u5956\u7406\u7531\u662f\u201c\u53d1\u73b0\u9ed1\u6d1e\u5f62\u6210\u662f\u5e7f\u4e49\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u529b\u9884\u6d4b\u201d\uff1b\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u4f4d\u83b7\u5956\u8005\u662f\u5fb7\u56fd\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6Reinhard Genzel\u3001Andrea Ghez\uff0c\u83b7\u5956\u7406\u7531\u662f\u201c\u5728\u94f6\u6cb3\u7cfb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d85\u5927\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u81f4\u5bc6\u5929\u4f53\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

        2019\u5e74<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u7f8e\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6James Peebles\u83b7\u5956\uff0c\u83b7\u5956\u7406\u7531\u662f\u201c\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b87\u5b99\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u53d1\u73b0\u201d\uff1b\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u4f4d\u83b7\u5956\u8005\u662f\u745e\u58eb\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6Michel Mayor\u548cDidier Queloz\uff0c\u83b7\u5956\u7406\u7531\u662f\u201c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u9897\u56f4\u7ed5\u7c7b\u592a\u9633\u6052\u661f\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7cfb\u5916\u884c\u661f\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

        2018\u5e74<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u7f8e\u6cd5\u52a0\u4e09\u4f4d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6Arthur Ashkin\u3001Gerard Mourou\u548cDonna Strickland\u83b7\u5956\uff0c\u83b7\u5956\u7406\u7531\u662f\u201c\u5728\u6fc0\u5149\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u6240\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u53d1\u660e\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

        2017\u5e74<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u4e09\u4f4d\u7f8e\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6Rainer Weiss\u3001Barry C. Barish\u548cKip S. Thorne\u83b7\u5956\uff0c\u83b7\u5956\u7406\u7531\u662f\u201c\u5bf9LIGO\u63a2\u6d4b\u5668\u548c\u5f15\u529b\u6ce2\u89c2\u6d4b\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u8d21\u732e\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

        2016\u5e74<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u82f1\u7f8e\u4e09\u4f4d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6David J. Thouless\u3001F. Duncan M. Haldane\u548cJ. Michael Kosterlitz\u83b7\u5956\uff0c\u83b7\u5956\u7406\u7531\u662f\u201c\u7406\u8bba\u53d1\u73b0\u62d3\u6251\u76f8\u53d8\u548c\u62d3\u6251\u76f8\u7269\u8d28\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

        2015\u5e74<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u65e5\u672c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6Takaaki Kajita\u548c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6Arthur B. McDonald\u83b7\u5956\uff0c\u83b7\u5956\u7406\u7531\u662f\u201c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e2d\u5fae\u5b50\u632f\u8361\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u4e2d\u5fae\u5b50\u5177\u6709\u8d28\u91cf\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

        \n
        \"\"<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
        \n
        \n
        \n
         <\/p>\n

        5\u3001<\/strong>\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u51b7\u77e5\u8bc6<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

        \u2014\u2014\u622a\u81f32024\u5e74\uff0c\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u5171\u9881\u53d1\u4e86118\u6b21\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u9881\u53d1\u7684\u516d\u5e74\u5206\u522b\u662f1916\u30011931\u30011934\u30011940\u30011941\u548c1942\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u2014\u2014\u4ece1901\u5e74\u81f32024\u5e74\uff0c\u5171227\u4eba\u6b21\u83b7\u5956\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u83b7\u5956\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3a226\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6John Bardeen\u4e8e1956\u5e74\u548c1972\u5e74\u4e24\u6b21\u83b7\u5956\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u2014\u2014118\u6b21\u9881\u5956\u4e2d\uff0c47\u6b21\u4e3a\u5355\u72ec\u83b7\u5956\u8005\uff0c33\u6b21\u4e3a2\u4eba\u5171\u4eab\uff0c38\u6b21\u4e3a3\u4eba\u5171\u4eab\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u2014\u2014\u6700\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u83b7\u5956\u8005\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6Lawrence Bragg\uff0c1915\u5e74\u56e0\u201c\u7528X\u5c04\u7ebf\u5bf9\u6676\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u201d\u4e0e\u7236\u4eb2\u4e00\u8d77\u83b7\u5956\uff0c\u65f6\u5e7425\u5c81\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u2014\u2014\u6700\u5e74\u957f\u7684\u83b7\u5956\u8005\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6Arthur Ashkin\uff0c2018\u5e74\u56e0\u201c\u5728\u6fc0\u5149\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u6240\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u53d1\u660e\u201d\u83b7\u5956\uff0c\u65f6\u5e7496\u5c81\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u2014\u2014226\u4f4d\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u67095\u4f4d\u5973\u6027\u3002\u5206\u522b\u662f1903\u5e74\u7684\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u4eba\uff08\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u4eba\u53e6\u5916\u8fd8\u83b7\u5f971911\u5e74\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u5956\uff09\u30011963\u5e74\u7684Maria Goeppert-Mayer\u30012018\u5e74\u7684Donna Strickland\u30012020\u5e74\u7684Andrea Ghez\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca2023\u5e74\u7684Anne L\u2019Huillier\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

        \n
        \"\"<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
        <\/section>\n
        \n
        \n
        \n
         <\/p>\n

        6\u3001<\/strong>\u83b7\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u7684\u534e\u4eba\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

        \u5728\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u662f\u534e\u4eba\u83b7\u5956\u6700\u591a\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5171\u67096\u4f4d\u534e\u4eba\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u83b7\u5956\u3002<\/p>\n
          \n
        • 1956\u5e74\uff0c31\u5c81\u7684\u7f8e\u7c4d\u534e\u4eba\u674e\u653f\u9053\u548c35\u5c81\u7684\u6768\u632f\u5b81\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u674e-\u6768\u5047\u8bf4\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e1957\u5e74\u540c\u65f6\u83b7\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
            \n
          • 1976\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u7c4d\u534e\u4eba\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e01\u8087\u4e2d\u56e0\u53d1\u73b0J\u7c92\u5b50<\/span>\u83b7\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
              \n
            • 1997\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u7c4d\u534e\u4eba\u6731\u68e3\u6587\u56e0\u201c\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u7528\u6fc0\u5149\u51b7\u5374\u548c\u4fd8\u83b7\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u201d\u8363\u83b7\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                \n
              • 1998\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u7c4d\u534e\u4eba\u5d14\u7426\u56e0\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u7535\u5b50\u91cf\u5b50\u6d41\u4f53\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u6b8a\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5956\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                  \n
                • 2009\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u534e\u4eba\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u9ad8\u951f\u56e0\u5728\u201c\u6709\u5173\u5149\u5728\u7ea4\u7ef4\u4e2d\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5149\u5b66\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u9762\u201d\u4f5c\u51fa\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  \u5317\u4eac\u65f6\u95f410\u67087\u65e5\u4e0b\u53485\u65f645\u5206\u8bb8\uff0c2025\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u63ed\u6653\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6John clarke\u3001Miche…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2734","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nobelstars.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2734","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nobelstars.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nobelstars.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nobelstars.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nobelstars.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2734"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.nobelstars.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2734\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2746,"href":"https:\/\/www.nobelstars.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2734\/revisions\/2746"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nobelstars.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2734"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nobelstars.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2734"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nobelstars.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2734"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}